When we think of Africa, safari is probably the first thing that comes to mind. The big 5 - Elephants, Rhino, Lion, Leopard and African buffalo. Gorillas are undoubtedly one of the species that people think of when thinking of Africa. But when we think of gorillas, do we think of different species / sub-species? When we think of gorillas, what do we imagine? Most people probably don’t know that a gorilla isn’t simply a gorilla - as in a singular species. In fact, gorillas are divided into different species and subspecies, each with its own unique characteristics.

In the heart of Africa's lush and diverse rainforests, the Western Gorilla species, reigns supreme. This incredible species is further divided into two distinct subspecies: the Western Lowland Gorilla and the Cross River Gorilla. Here we delve deeper into the world of these Western Gorilla subspecies, their habitats, behaviours, and the challenges they face.

Western Gorillas are generally lighter in coloration compared to their Eastern Gorilla counterparts. Their fur ranges from black to dark grey or dark brown grey, often accompanied by a brownish forehead. Living in tight-knit social groups ranging from two to twenty individuals, they display complex social behaviours and strong family bonds. Such groups are composed of at least one male, several females, and their offspring. A dominant male silverback heads the group, with younger males usually leaving the group when they reach maturity. Females transfer to another group before breeding, which begins at eight to nine years old; they care for their young infants for the first three to four years of their lives.

Despite their resilience, Western Gorillas face numerous threats that jeopardize their survival. Among these, the Ebola virus stands as a severe threat, having the potential to decimate entire populations. Additionally, poaching for bushmeat, commercial logging, and the upheaval caused by civil wars in the regions they inhabit further compound their challenges.

The Western Lowland Gorilla is the more widespread of the two Western Gorilla subspecies and can be found in the West African countries of Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. The Western Lowland gorillas are relatively smaller in size and possess a slenderer build compared to other gorilla species. Their peaceful and gentle nature makes them captivating subjects for both researchers and eco-tourists. The Western Lowland Gorilla primarily feeds on a diet of fruits, leaves, and various vegetation.

While population numbers for the Western Lowland Gorilla are stable and secure, the Cross River Gorilla is the rarest and most endangered of all gorilla subspecies. With only a few hundred individuals remaining in the wild, they inhabit the dense forests along the border of Nigeria and Cameroon. Cross River Gorillas prefer remote, undisturbed forest habitats, making them highly elusive and shy. Their distinctive facial markings set them apart and help researchers track and identify individuals within the population.

One fascinating observation made by researchers is the Cross River Gorilla's surprising reaction to potential threats. Unlike their typical response of fleeing from humans, these gorillas have been known to throw sticks and clumps of grass when encountered by humans. This unusual behaviour adds an intriguing layer to the study of gorilla behaviour and interactions with their environment. In the forests of East Africa, two remarkable gorilla subspecies thrive: the Mountain Gorilla and the Eastern Lowland Gorilla. These magnificent creatures, though facing numerous challenges, are integral to the region's biodiversity and hold a special place in the hearts of conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts worldwide. The Eastern Gorilla is the largest living of all primates.

The Mountain Gorilla, with its thick fur and robust build, is the iconic species when we think of the gorilla, they are found in the mountainous regions of Rwanda, Uganda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Despite their impressive stature and strength, they awe-inspiring giants are known for their gentle and docile nature, captivating all who have the privilege of encountering them. There are estimated to be only 1000 Mountain Gorillas left in the wild today.

Mountain Gorillas are critically endangered due to many effects such as habitat loss, poaching, and the effects of past conflicts. However, thanks to conservation efforts, their populations have shown signs of recovery. One of the most inspiring success stories in the world of gorilla conservation is the Virunga Mountains, where famous gorilla groups like the "Susa" and "Amahoro" families have become living symbols of successful protection. These gorilla families have not only thrived but have also become a source of hope, education, and responsible tourism in the region.

In contrast to their mountain-dwelling relatives, the Eastern Lowland Gorilla, also known as Grauer's Gorilla, is the largest of all gorilla species. These magnificent creatures inhabit the vast and dense forests of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Their sheer size and power command respect and awe, making them a true symbol of greatness. Their numbers are an estimated population of fewer than 6000 today.

Despite their remarkable presence, Eastern Lowland Gorillas face severe threats. Habitat destruction due to deforestation, coupled with the ongoing conflict in the DRC, has taken a toll on their populations. These gorillas are now considered critically endangered, with their survival hanging in the balance. The conservation challenges confronting gorillas throughout Africa are both pressing and intricate. These remarkable creatures are under threat from numerous factors, such as habitat depletion, poaching, and the transmission of diseases from humans. Conservation organisations, working closely with local communities and governments, are leading the charge in safeguarding gorillas and their natural habitats. They employ a diverse array of strategies, ranging from anti-poaching measures to the preservation of habitats, all with the overarching goal of securing the long-term survival of these iconic primates.

Ecotourism as a means of protecting the gorillas cannot be underestimated. Responsible and sustainable tourism practices not only supply vital funding for conservation endeavours but also raise global awareness about the critical importance of gorilla conservation. By allowing people to form a connection with gorillas in their native habitats, these initiatives cultivate a profound appreciation for these gentle giants and the imperative to shield them. Gorillas stand as a remarkable representation of the extraordinary biodiversity that characterizes the African continent, serving as emissaries for broader conservation campaigns throughout Africa. By comprehending the challenges, they confront and actively supporting conservation endeavours, we can contribute to the preservation of these magnificent creatures, ensuring their flourishing for generations to come. It is our shared responsibility to shield these gentle giants and the ecosystems they inhabit, upholding the integrity of Africa's biodiversity for the benefit of all life on our planet.