Situated to the north of Baghdad, the city of Samarra emerges as a drawcard destination, boasting not only historical significance but also architectural wonders that define its rich Islamic heritage. A key highlight of Samarra is the remarkable Malwiya Minaret, paired with the awe-inspiring Great Mosque of Samarra, collectively earning the distinction of being a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

As the group delves into the heart of Samarra, we are transported through time, tracing the city's Islamic legacy. The Malwiya Minaret, with its distinctive spiral structure, stands tall as an iconic symbol of Samarra's architectural prowess. This marvel, built in the 9th century during the Abbasid Caliphate, served both functional and symbolic purposes, acting as a call to prayer and an architectural beacon that resonates with the city's cultural and religious significance. Sadly, the mosque was destroyed in 1278 CE and only the outer wall and minaret remain.

The journey through Samarra extends to the Great Mosque, a colossal complex that once ranked among the largest in the Islamic world. Wandering through the expansive courtyards and intricately designed prayer halls, we are immersed in the architectural grandeur that defined Samarra during its golden era. The mosque, with its monumental scale and intricate detailing, reflects the sophisticated engineering and artistic achievements of the Abbasid period.

Appreciating Samarra's UNESCO World Heritage status goes beyond the tangible structures; it encompasses an acknowledgment of the city's pivotal role in Islamic civilisation. The preservation of these architectural treasures signifies not only their intrinsic value but also the commitment to safeguarding the cultural legacy that Samarra represents.

Hatra is another UNESCO World Heritage site. It was a fortified city on the caravan routes between the Roman and Parthian/Sasanian Empires. It operated as both a religious and trading centre. It survived attacks by Trajan and his armies, and a siege by Septimius Severus. It was destroyed in the 3rd century. The bruins were discovered in the 19th Century, 20th Century excavations have been undertaken by Iraqi archaeologists.

Walking towards the ruins, I feel transported back in time. So much of the fort remains, one can imagine the people worshipping in the Temple, which shows Greek and Mesopotamian features. Looking at the remains of the walls, I imagine the buildings, the sights and sounds of the markets and the mix of people trading from other lands. Like many other sites in Iraq, the remains are surrounded by empty desert, making it easy to imagine the sounds of the past, untroubled by modern traffic sounds.

Mosul, known in the ancient world as Nineveh is a large city. It’s located on the bank of the Tigris River and was the largest city in the world for a few decades. In the face of recent challenges, the city of Mosul beckons us, with an indomitable spirit and a narrative of resilience. A journey through this historic city unveils a testament to its strength and determination, offering a unique perspective on its vibrant culture and ongoing reconstruction efforts. The focal point of exploration is the historic Old City, which houses the iconic Al-Nouri Mosque and ancient marketplaces that echo centuries of history.

Begins our journey in the heart of Mosul, where the Old City stands as both a witness to its past glory and a canvas for its promising future. The Al-Nouri Mosque, renowned for its distinctive leaning minaret, emerges as a symbol of resilience amid adversity.

Wandering through the ancient marketplaces within the Old City, we are transported to a bygone era, where the bustling trade routes once connected diverse cultures. Despite the scars of conflict, these marketplaces exude a timeless charm, providing glimpses into the vibrant tapestry of Mosul's cultural heritage.

Engaging with locals becomes a pivotal aspect of the journey, offering an opportunity to hear firsthand accounts of rebuilding efforts and the resilient spirit that defines Mosul. Conversations with residents reveal stories of hope, determination, and community bonds that have played a crucial role in overcoming adversity. It is through these interactions that the true essence of Mosul's revival comes to life, demonstrating that the city is not defined solely by its challenges but by the strength and optimism of its people.

Bashtabya Castle, a 12th Century ruined castle was built on the bank of the river Tigris, forming part of the city walls. Sadly, it was blown up in 2015, a great tragedy. Mosul was scene to some of the most intense fighting of the Iraq war and much of the old city has been destroyed.

A visit to Mosul is not just a journey through historic landmarks; it is an immersion into the living narrative of a city reclaiming its identity. The Old City becomes a metaphor for resilience, with each step echoing the collective determination to rebuild and preserve Mosul's cultural legacy. We, ( and anybody who visits ) leave with more than memories of architectural marvels; they depart with a profound appreciation for the enduring spirit that defines Mosul in the face of adversity.